Tuesday, November 20, 2012

Anatomy- Endocrine system

The main purpose of the endocrine system is to produce, store, and excrete hormones. It includes the following:

- Hypothalamus: Organizes and controls emotions, feeling, mood (including hunger and appetite). The hormones that are secreted here (oxytocin- stimulates ejaculation of milk, ADH- reabsorption of sodium ions in the kidneys), influence the pituitary gland.

-Pituitary gland: Has two lobes which secrete hormones.
       Anterior Lobe: Tropic (stimulates other endocrine glands), Prolactin (milk production), TSH      
       (thyroid stimulating hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), Gonadotropic (follical
       stimulating), LH (lutinizing hormone- endorphines)
   
       Posterior: Oxytocin, ADH

-Thyroid: Has two lobes which are connected by isthmus. It secretes TH (thyroid hormone) which is essential for growth and development.

- Parathyroid: Releases PTH, which raises blood calcium if it is low.

*The thyroid and the parathyroid work together to keep blood calcium levels normal*

-Pancreas: Secretes Insulin (lowers blood sugar) as well as Glucagon (which raises blood sugar.

- Adrenal glands: Produce Gluccorticoids which lower inflammation

- Adrenal medulla: Produces Ephiephrine (Adrenaline) which is responsible for our flight or fight response

The kidneys, ovaries, testies, and heart are also part of the endocrine system.


       

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