Tuesday, November 20, 2012

Anatomy- Blood and lymph

The circulatory system consists of the Cardiovascular system, as well as the lymphatic system.

- Cardiovascular: heart, blood vessels, and blood.
     - Blood: Maintains osmotic pressure, aids in transportations, buffering, immunity, and blood clotting.
*Blood is made up of cells (45%) and plasma (55%).

- Cells: Red (erythrocyte), white (leukocytes), platelets (thrombocytes)

-Plasma: Albumins (osmotic pressure), globulins (alpha- hormones, beta- proteins, gamma- antibodies), fibrinogen (clotting).

- Red blood cells: Bioconcave (allows oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange), haemoglobin is the main component (transports gases), produces in red bone marrow.

- White blood cells: 5 types:
     - Neutrophils (60%): Eat bacteria (clean up!)
     - Eosinophils (1-3%): Increase during allergic reaction/parasite infestation
     - Basophilis (1%): releases histamines and contain heparin (help prevent blood for clotting inappropriately)
     - Lymphocype (25-30%): Produces antibodies, or attacks bacteria/viruses
     - Monocyte (6%): develops into macrophage (large scavenger cells of the body)

- Lymphatic: Has 3 functions:
     1- Collects and returns interstitial fluid to blood (helps maintain fluid balance)
     2- Defends body against disease by filtering lymph
     3- Absorbs lipids from intestine and transports them to the blood

*Drains on the left side of the body, 2 lower limbs, pelvis and abs.

- Lymphnodes filter lymph and are located on the cheek, in front of and behind ear, back of head, and under chin. 

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